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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Immunotherapy for Melanoma.

Justin T Moyers1,2, Isabella C Glitza Oliva3

  • 1Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Metastatic melanoma treatment has advanced significantly, moving beyond limited options to include targeted therapies like BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Immunotherapy and recent adjuvant treatments offer new hope for patients with advanced melanoma.

Keywords:
AdjuvantCheckpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapyMetastatic melanomaNeoadjuvant

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Melanoma is a leading cause of cancer death, with limited options for metastatic disease historically.
  • Recent decades have seen major advancements in melanoma treatment strategies.
  • Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have transformed patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review past and current therapeutic options for metastatic melanoma.
  • To highlight the significant role of immunotherapy in melanoma treatment.
  • To discuss recent advances in adjuvant therapy and for melanoma brain metastases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on melanoma treatment.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
  • Examination of outcomes in adjuvant settings and for brain metastases.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) is a cornerstone for metastatic melanoma.
  • Immunotherapy-based approaches have shown significant promise and efficacy.
  • Recent advances in adjuvant settings improve outcomes for resected stage III/IV melanoma.
  • Effective management strategies for melanoma brain metastases are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • The treatment landscape for melanoma has dramatically improved with targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
  • Adjuvant treatments and management of brain metastases represent key areas of progress.
  • Ongoing research in immuno-oncology continues to drive innovation in melanoma care.