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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Malignancies.

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PubMed
Summary
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Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, is transforming gastrointestinal (GI) cancer treatment. It is now standard care for specific GI tumors, with ongoing trials expanding its use.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are diverse, with unique biology impacting treatment response and prognosis.
  • The tumor immune microenvironment significantly influences outcomes in GI malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current role of immunotherapy in GI cancers.
  • To highlight ongoing clinical trials investigating immunotherapy in GI malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical trial data on immunotherapy in GI cancers.
  • Analysis of treatment landscape changes due to immunotherapy advancements.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has become standard for specific GI tumors (e.g., those with DNA mismatch repair defects or high mutational burden).
  • immunotherapy is now integrated into treatment protocols for certain gastroesophageal cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in treating various GI malignancies.
  • Further research and clinical trials are crucial for optimizing immunotherapy integration in GI cancer care.