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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

404
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
404
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
537
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

441
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
441
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

560
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
560
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
449
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

230
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
230

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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
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Microbial pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Sunil Kumar1, Awanish Kumar2

  • 1Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Microbial Pathogenesis
|January 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves gut inflammation with increasing global cases, especially in children. This review examines the complex role of gut microbes in IBD development, despite ongoing scientific debate.

Keywords:
DysbiosisImmune systemInflammatory bowel diseaseMicrobiomePathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal condition with rising global incidence, particularly affecting children and adolescents.
  • The exact cause of IBD remains unknown, involving a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, immune responses, and the gut microbiota.
  • Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are consistently observed in IBD patients, with specific bacterial species implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the role of microbes in the etiology and pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of bacterial species associated with IBD and discuss the controversies surrounding their causal role.
  • To serve as a valuable resource for researchers investigating the gut microbiome in IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating the gut microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
  • Analysis of research examining the association between specific bacterial species (e.g., Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, AIEC, H. pylori, C. concisus) and IBD.
  • Evaluation of evidence regarding the efficacy of antibiotics and probiotics in IBD management to infer microbial involvement.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a strong association between altered intestinal microbiota composition and IBD.
  • Several bacterial species, including Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), Helicobacter pylori, and Campylobacter concisus, have been linked to IBD.
  • The therapeutic effects of antibiotics and probiotics in IBD further support the involvement of gut microbes.

Conclusions:

  • While a definitive causal link according to Koch's postulates is yet to be established, significant evidence points to the role of microbial dysbiosis in IBD.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which microbes contribute to IBD pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the microbial contribution to IBD is crucial for developing targeted therapies and interventions.