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Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
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Dynamic subcortical modulators of human default mode network function.

Ben J Harrison1, Christopher G Davey2, Hannah S Savage1

  • 1Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.

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|January 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The basal forebrain (BF) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) control the brain's default mode network (DMN). This study reveals distinct BF and thalamic circuit influences on DMN function in humans.

Keywords:
basal forebraindeactivationdefault mode networkselfthalamus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • The brain's default mode network (DMN) facilitates switching between internal and external cognitive states.
  • Subcortical mechanisms, particularly the basal forebrain (BF) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD), are hypothesized to modulate DMN activity.
  • The precise roles of the BF and MD in DMN control remain unclear in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of the basal forebrain (BF) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in modulating default mode network (DMN) activity during different cognitive states.
  • To differentiate the specific contributions of the BF and MD to DMN suppression and engagement.
  • To provide direct human evidence for subcortical control mechanisms of DMN function.

Main Methods:

  • Ultra-high field (7 Tesla) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to map brain activity.
  • Participants underwent fMRI scanning during rest, externally focused tasks, and internally focused tasks.
  • Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to infer directed influences between brain regions.

Main Results:

  • The basal forebrain (BF) showed suppressed activity, mirroring DMN cortical deactivation during transitions from rest to external tasks.
  • Dynamic causal modeling confirmed the BF's causal role in driving DMN cortical activity changes during rest-to-task shifts.
  • The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) was specifically activated during internally focused cognition, exerting an excitatory influence on DMN cortical regions.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first direct human evidence for distinct roles of the basal forebrain and mediodorsal thalamus in regulating the default mode network.
  • The basal forebrain appears to drive DMN suppression during externally focused cognition.
  • The mediodorsal thalamus is implicated in DMN engagement during internally focused cognition, suggesting novel translational research avenues.