[Classification of Attention Deficit-/Hyperactivity Disorder in ICD-11]

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Clinical Psychology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management, and clinical purposes.
• Previous versions, like ICD-10, had limitations in classifying hyperkinetic disorders.
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) introduced significant changes to ADHD classification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of the modifications in Attention Deficit-/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) classification within the ICD-11.
• To highlight the alignment of ICD-11 ADHD diagnostic criteria with DSM-5.
• To discuss the implications of these changes for clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Review of diagnostic criteria and classifications for hyperkinetic disorders/ADHD in ICD-11.
• Comparison of ICD-11 classifications with DSM-5 criteria.
• Analysis of the shift from a combination diagnosis to multiple diagnoses in ICD-11.

Main Results:

• ICD-11 modifications for ADHD are based on DSM-5, encompassing both diagnostic designation and internal differentiation.
• ICD-11 abandons the ICD-10 combination diagnosis of hyperkinetic conduct disorder in favor of multiple diagnoses.
• The less exact operationalization of symptom criteria in ICD-11 may assist in classifying borderline cases.

Conclusions:

• The ICD-11 classification of ADHD represents a significant update, harmonizing with DSM-5.
• The move towards multiple diagnoses instead of a combined diagnosis is a positive development for clinical application.
• Clinicians may need to refer to DSM-5 for detailed clarification of individual ADHD symptoms due to ICD-11's approach.