Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

34.5K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
34.5K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

16.7K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
16.7K
Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

161
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
161
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

7.5K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.5K
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

18.1K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
18.1K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

41.2K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
41.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional peptide-assisted delivery of CRISPR/Cas9: recent progress on gene editing.

Biomaterials science·2026
Same author

Adhesive adjuvant protein for long-lasting immune response in vaccination.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

Peptide-assisted lipofection enables efficient non-viral delivery of large CRISPR/Cas9 constructs for genome editing applications.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2025
Same author

Synergistic therapeutic efficacy of Selective Anticancer Complex in triple-negative breast cancer.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2025
Same author

Accuracy of dental implant placement with CAD-CAM 3D printed and conventional thermoplastic surgical pilot guides: A clinical comparative trial.

The Journal of prosthetic dentistry·2024
Same author

Electrosprayable Levan-Coated Nanoclusters and Ultrasound-Responsive Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.4K

SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Mutations and Effective Changes.

Gene Park1, Byeong Hee Hwang2,3

  • 1Whitmore School, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.

Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering : BBE
|January 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 mutations is key to controlling the virus. This review details critical mutations in Variants of Concern, impacting infectivity and immune escape for future COVID-19 strategies.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2infectivitymutationneutralizationvariants

More Related Videos

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

29.7K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.4K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

29.7K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 mutations pose a significant threat to global control efforts.
  • The dynamic nature of viral evolution necessitates continuous monitoring of new variants.
  • Understanding viral pathogenesis and mutation effects is crucial for effective pandemic response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and explain the most significant SARS-CoV-2 mutations and their impact.
  • To focus on variants classified as "Variants of Concern" by WHO and CDC as of September 23, 2021.
  • To analyze how specific mutations affect viral properties like infectivity and antigen resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on scientific publications and variant classifications.
  • Analysis of mutations within key SARS-CoV-2 strains, including B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, and P.1.
  • Examination of mutations affecting the Spike protein and Receptor Binding Domain.

Main Results:

  • Several mutations (D614G, E484K, N501Y, K417N, L452R, P681R) are prevalent across multiple strains.
  • These mutations, particularly in the Spike protein and RBD, influence infectivity and neutralization resistance.
  • Mutations often work synergistically to enhance viral fitness and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding specific COVID-19 mutations is vital for ongoing pandemic management.
  • Knowledge of these mutations will inform future diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine development.
  • Continued surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 evolution is essential for public health.