Close ties, near and far away: patterns and predictors of geographic network range among older Europeans

A growing number of older adults maintain connections in their core discussion networks at variant distances, raising concerns about the lack of discussants in proximity and the consequences on their social life. This study examines the typical geographic layouts for aging Europeans' core discussion networks and their implications for network function and quality. With a sample of community-dwelling respondents aged 50 and above from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe, the present research identifies seven geographic layouts that extend previously identified family and diverse network types by adding spatial nuance. Individuals in mid-range and distant-family networks typically lack a discussant nearby but sustain high emotional closeness with family discussants at a distance and express high overall satisfaction with their network. Proximate-diverse networks with a strong representation of non-kin members nearby turn out to be less advantageous than prior research might suggest, providing relatively frequent contact but the lowest level of network satisfaction. Results also identify how individual characteristics link to the geographic layouts and describe their prevalence across European regions. Overall, relatively dispersed layouts are common for older adults across multiple countries and do not necessarily indicate lower emotional closeness and network satisfaction. The present study highlights the importance of looking beyond the mere presence of proximate connections in older adults' core networks.