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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Cognitive Frailty: An Update.

David Facal1, Clara Burgo1, Carlos Spuch2

  • 1Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent research on cognitive fragility, or cognitive decline, highlights its links to cognitive reserve, biomarkers, and motor function. New interventions, especially physical activity, aim to reduce cognitive fragility and prevent negative health outcomes.

Keywords:
biomarkerscognitive reservedual-task interventionfrailtymild cognitive impairmentmulticomponent intervention programsphysical activitysubjective cognitive decline

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive fragility is a growing concern in aging populations.
  • Understanding its multifaceted nature is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review empirical research on cognitive fragility from the past four years.
  • To categorize and synthesize findings on cognitive fragility, its biomarkers, and interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of empirical research on cognitive fragility.
  • Classification of studies into four categories: cognitive reserve, biomarkers, motor function, and interventions.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging, metabolic, and microbiota biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive fragility is linked to cognitive reserve, with education being a key factor.
  • Biomarkers include neuroimaging, metabolic, and novel microbiota markers.
  • Motor development and physical functioning are associated with cognitive fragility.
  • Distinguishing reversible from potentially reversible cognitive frailty informs interventions.
  • Physical activity and multicomponent interventions show promise in reducing cognitive fragility.

Conclusions:

  • Research on cognitive fragility is expanding, with a growing emphasis on applied aspects.
  • Interventions, particularly physical activity-based and multicomponent approaches, are vital for mitigating cognitive fragility and improving health outcomes in older adults.