The Role of Augmented Feedback on Motor Learning: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Motor Learning and Control
• Rehabilitation Sciences
• Sports Medicine

Background:

• Augmented feedback (AF) provides external information crucial for motor learning.
• AF modalities include visual, auditory, and multimodal feedback.
• Understanding optimal AF delivery is vital for diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent evidence on visual, auditory, and multimodal AF in motor learning.
• To compare the efficacy of different AF modalities across healthy, diseased, and athletic groups.
• To identify the most effective AF strategy for motor skill acquisition and retention.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Searches conducted on ISI Web of Knowledge, OvidSP EMBASE, and PubMed.
• Inclusion of studies on visual, auditory, and multimodal AF in motor learning.

Main Results:

• Visual feedback is foundational, excelling in complex skill learning and balance.
• Auditory feedback can impede visual processing in conditions like Parkinson's disease.
• Multimodal feedback demonstrates superior learning and retention compared to unimodal feedback.

Conclusions:

• Multimodal augmented feedback is the most effective strategy for motor learning.
• This approach enhances stimuli perception and retention in healthy, diseased, and athletic populations.
• Multimodal AF supports skill acquisition and injury prevention, such as ACL tears.