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Published on: August 7, 2017
Relationship between bronchopulmonary dysplasia, long-term lung function, and vitamin D level at birth in preterm
Tiantian Lu1, Bin Liang2, Yanping Jia1
1Department of Neonatology, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, China.
Insights
Low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] at birth is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) complications and impaired lung function in preterm infants. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing BPD and improving outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant complication in preterm infants.
- Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] levels at birth may influence BPD development and long-term respiratory health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between cord blood serum 25-(OH)D levels and BPD incidence.
- To evaluate the impact of serum 25-(OH)D on long-term lung function in preterm infants.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 286 preterm infants.
- Measurement of serum 25-(OH)D at birth.
- Follow-up for BPD diagnosis and lung function at 40 weeks corrected gestational age.
- Logistic regression analysis for risk factors.
Main Results:
- Infants with BPD had significantly lower serum 25-(OH)D levels at birth compared to controls.
- Lower Apgar scores, higher rates of pneumonia and asphyxia, and longer oxygen therapy were observed in the BPD group.
- BPD was associated with altered respiratory mechanics, including increased respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume.
Conclusions:
- Serum 25-(OH)D levels at birth are a significant factor in BPD development and long-term lung function.
- Low vitamin D status is an independent risk factor for BPD in preterm infants.
- Findings support individualized prevention and treatment strategies for BPD.
Background:
We aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] at birth and the complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as well as the long-term lung function of preterm infants.
Methods:
A total of 286 premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal ward of Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 and met the inclusion criteria were selected as the research objects. The level of serum 25(OH)D at birth was detected. The children were divided into a BPD group (79 cases) and a non-BPD group (207 cases). The case information and basic data of the children were recorded. The children were followed up 6 months after correcting the gestational age of 40 weeks, and their long-term lung function development was reported. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the high-risk factors of BPD in preterm infants.
Results:
The 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores of preterm infants in the BPD group were significantly lower than those in the non-BPD group. Also, the combined neonatal pneumonia, neonatal asphyxia, hospital stay, and total oxygen therapy time in the BPD group were substantially higher than those in the non-BPD group. The mean value of serum 25-(OH)D at birth in the BPD group (33.7±15.1 nmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the non-BPD group (49.5±19.6 nmol/L). Compared with the non-BPD group, the respiratory rate (RR) in the BPD group increased significantly, while the tidal volume (VT), inspiratory to expiratory ratio (TI/TE), ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (TPEF/TE), and 25% tidal expiratory flow rate (TEF25%) decreased markedly (P<0.05). Total oxygen therapy time, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal asphyxia, and serum 25-(OH)D level at birth were identified as independent risk factors for BPD in preterm infants.
Conclusions:
The level of serum 25-(OH)D in preterm infants at birth is closely related to the occurrence of BPD and long-term lung function damage, and is affected by multiple high-risk factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for the individualized treatment of preterm infants and the early prevention of BPD.
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