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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Cholinergic immunomodulation in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Michele A Serafini1,2, Ana H Paz3,2, Natalia S Nunes4

  • 1Biological Sciences, Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90050170, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
|January 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cholinergic system activation, particularly the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), shows anti-inflammatory effects beneficial for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This review explores its therapeutic potential in IBD patients.

Keywords:
AcetylcholineCholinergic signalingImmunomodulationInflammatory bowel diseasesIntestinal immunityMacrophageT cellVagus nerveα-7-Nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involve chronic intestinal inflammation due to immune dysregulation.
  • The cholinergic system, a key regulator of immune responses, is being investigated for IBD treatment.
  • The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) plays a crucial role in modulating inflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies and clinical trials on cholinergic signaling in IBD.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting the α7nAChR pathway for IBD.
  • To understand the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of cholinergic signaling in the gut.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cholinergic signaling pathways.
  • Examination of the role of α7nAChR in immune cell modulation.

Main Results:

  • Cholinergic system activation demonstrates in vivo anti-inflammatory effects relevant to IBD.
  • The α7nAChR inhibits inflammatory cytokine production.
  • α7nAChR activation suppresses dendritic cell and macrophage activity, leading to T cell suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the cholinergic system, specifically α7nAChR, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully establish the efficacy of cholinergic therapies in IBD management.
  • Understanding cholinergic signaling mechanisms can lead to novel treatments for chronic intestinal inflammation.