Educational Differences in Self-Rated Health Trends Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Living Alone, 1972-2018

Objectives: This study examines educational differences in living alone and in self-rated health trends among middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We used logistic regression to analyze data from the 1972-2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 795,239 aged 40-64; n = 357,974 aged 65-84). Results: Between 1972-1974 and 2015-2018, living alone became more prevalent, particularly among men and at lower levels of education. Self-rated health trends varied by living arrangement and education. We found self-rated health declines among middle-aged adults having no college degree and living alone, but trends in self-rated health were mostly stable or even improved among middle-aged adults living with others. Among older adults, self-rated health improved over time, but for the least-educated older Americans living alone, the probability of reporting fair or poor health increased between 1972-1974 and 2015-2018. Discussion: The findings suggest growing disparities by social class, in living arrangements and in self-rated health.