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The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

Environmentally Responsive Intelligent Dynamic Water Collector.

Jie Tang¹, Linhui Peng¹, Daqi Chen¹

¹Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|January 3, 2022

Summary

This study presents a novel dynamic fog collector using a Janus sponge and shape memory alloy spring. This innovative device significantly increases the water collection rate (WCR), offering a practical solution for water scarcity.

Keywords:

Janus fog harvesting shape memory alloy unidirectional transportation water collection

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Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

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Published on: April 17, 2021

Continuous Hydrologic and Water Quality Monitoring of Vernal Ponds

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Published on: October 13, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Engineering
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Growing global water shortages necessitate innovative water collection methods.
Traditional fog collection often relies on static methods with limited efficiency.
Developing sustainable and efficient water harvesting technologies is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel, environmentally responsive water collector for enhanced fog harvesting.
To transition from static to dynamic water collection strategies for improved performance.
To develop an efficient, intelligent, and economical fog-collecting device.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a self-prepared Janus polyvinyl alcohol sponge.
Integration of a two-way shape memory alloy spring for dynamic collection.
Evaluation of the water-collection rate (WCR) under fog flow conditions.

Main Results:

Achieved a 30.8% increase in water-collection rate (WCR) compared to static methods.
Demonstrated a high WCR of up to 5.1 g/h, competitive with existing studies.
Confirmed light- and thermal-response capabilities, ease of fabrication, and good cycling performance.

Conclusions:

The developed Janus sponge and shape memory alloy spring system enables efficient dynamic fog water collection.
The device exhibits high performance, adaptability, and practicality for various applications.
This research offers new insights into designing high-efficiency, practical water collectors for addressing water scarcity.