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Longitudinal Measurement of Extracellular Matrix Rigidity in 3D Tumor Models Using Particle-tracking Microrheology

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Microsphere sensors for characterizing stress fields within three-dimensional extracellular matrix.

Xin Ding¹, Moxiao Li², Bo Cheng¹

¹The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.

Acta Biomaterialia

|January 3, 2022

Summary

The microsphere sensor-based method quantifies 3D extracellular matrix stress in cells. This review details the seven-step process for in situ and in vivo stress characterization.

Keywords:

Cell microenvironment In situ and in vivo MSS-based method Mechanical microenvironment Quantitative characterization

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Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Cellular microenvironment stress regulates biological processes.
Existing methods for stress quantification have limitations.
Microsphere sensor-based (MSS) method offers advantages for in situ/in vivo stress measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

Provide a comprehensive overview of the MSS-based method.
Detail the principles, procedures, and applications of MSS.
Offer guidelines for the widespread application of MSS.

Main Methods:

Fabrication and modification of microsphere sensors.
Characterization and cell adhesion protocols.
Imaging, displacement field extraction, and stress calculation.

Main Results:

The MSS method involves seven sequential steps for quantitative stress field characterization.
Precise control and inter-tuning of steps are crucial for accuracy.
The review systematically summarizes recent advances and applications.

Conclusions:

The MSS-based method is advantageous for in situ and in vivo stress quantification at cellular scales.
Detailed procedural information is consolidated for broader application.
The review discusses limitations and future development trends for MSS.