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Substance-induced psychosis and cognitive functioning: A systematic review
Kristina M Gicas1, Puneet K Parmar1, Giulia F Fabiano1
1Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Psychiatry Research
|January 3, 2022
Summary
Substance-induced psychosis (SIP) is linked to cognitive deficits comparable to schizophrenia. Further research is needed to understand SIP
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Longitudinal studies indicate 11-46% of individuals with substance-induced psychosis (SIP) may develop schizophrenia.
- SIP is considered a potential distinct variant of psychotic disorders but remains understudied, particularly its cognitive aspects.
- Existing evidence suggests cognitive dysfunction in SIP, yet a comprehensive synthesis is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize empirical research on cognitive function in SIP.
- To characterize the cognitive phenotype of SIP by examining various substance types.
- To compare cognitive impairments in SIP with controls, non-psychotic substance users, and individuals with schizophrenia.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of empirical studies published up to December 31, 2020.
- Inclusion of studies assessing cognition in SIP using standardized neuropsychological measures.
- Categorization of cognitive outcomes by SIP type: methamphetamine, other stimulants, alcohol, cannabis, and undifferentiated.
Main Results:
- Evidence of global and domain-specific cognitive dysfunction in SIP compared to controls and non-psychotic substance users.
- Cognitive impairments in SIP were found to be of similar magnitude to those observed in schizophrenia.
- A distinct cognitive profile for SIP could not be definitively established due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures.
Conclusions:
- SIP is associated with significant cognitive deficits, mirroring those seen in schizophrenia.
- Potential variations in visual-based cognition may characterize SIP, warranting further investigation.
- More controlled studies are essential to refine differential diagnosis and address the specific clinical needs of the SIP population.
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