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Subcellular Fractionation

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...

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Subcellular metabolomics: Isolation, measurement, and applications.

Siyuan Qin¹, Yuxin Zhang², Yuan Tian¹

¹Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

|January 3, 2022

Summary

Subcellular metabolomics explores small molecules within cell organelles, crucial for understanding disease mechanisms. This review details methods and applications of organelle-specific metabolic profiling.

Keywords:

Chemical derivatization Mass spectrometry Metabolic profiling Organelles Subcellular isolation Subcellular metabolomics

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Metabolomics analyzes small molecules in biological samples for disease research.
Organelles, cellular compartments with distinct metabolic activities, are implicated in various diseases.
Current metabolomics often overlooks organelle-specific metabolic profiles due to overlapping cellular signals.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review methods for subcellular metabolomics.
To highlight the significance of organelle-specific metabolic analysis in physiology and pathology.
To provide a reference for advancing the field of subcellular metabolomics.

Main Methods:

Subcellular fractionation techniques to isolate organelles.
Advanced metabolite analysis for profiling small molecules within compartments.
Integration of metabolomics data with cellular and disease models.

Main Results:

Organelle-specific metabolic profiling offers a deeper understanding of cellular functions.
Disorders within organelles are linked to inherited metabolic diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration.
Subcellular metabolomics can elucidate disease mechanisms not apparent at the whole-cell level.

Conclusions:

Characterizing organelle metabolic pools is vital for understanding cellular roles in health and disease.
Subcellular metabolomics provides a powerful approach to dissect complex metabolic pathways.
This review aims to foster further research and application of subcellular metabolomics.