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Efficient Visualization of Whole Slide Images in Web-based Viewers for Digital Pathology.

Peter J Schüffler1, Evangelos Stamelos2, Ishtiaque Ahmed2

  • 1From the Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Schüffler).

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|January 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing digital pathology viewers requires defining performance metrics. This study found that specific tile and block sizes enhance visualization speed for pathologists using whole slide images.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital pathology
  • Medical imaging
  • Pathology informatics

Background:

  • Wide adoption of digital pathology hinges on efficient web-based slide viewers.
  • Current visualization and navigation performance metrics for these viewers are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and quantify key performance metrics for efficient visualization and navigation in digital slide viewers.
  • To establish a baseline for optimal viewer configuration in routine digital pathology.

Main Methods:

  • A universal slide viewer was used in clinical diagnostics.
  • Evaluated the impact of slide caching, compression, tile size, and block size on whole slide image streaming performance.
  • Assessed performance across case, slide, and field-of-view levels using data from 239 pathologists reviewing 60,080 whole slide images over 3 months.

Main Results:

  • Median times: <4s to open a case, <1s to change slides, <0.25s to render a new field of view.
  • Optimal performance achieved with a 1024-pixel tile size and whole slide image block size, reducing mosaic effects.
  • Fastest median streaming paces: Philips (238 ms/FOV), 3DHistech (125 ms/FOV), and Leica (108 ms/FOV, without decompression).

Conclusions:

  • This study systematically assessed user-centric slide visualization metrics for digital pathology viewers.
  • Identified critical metrics like time to open a case, change slides, and change fields of view.
  • These metrics provide a foundation for improving viewer configuration and achieving efficient, accepted digital pathology workflows.