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LC Circuits

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An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...

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Nano-LC: An updated review.

Lian Shan¹, Barry R Jones¹

¹LC-MS Biologics, QSquared Solutions, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Biomedical Chromatography : BMC

|January 4, 2022

Summary

Nano-flow liquid chromatography (LC) offers enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for bioanalysis. Advances in instrumentation and multidimensional separations are crucial for meeting the high-throughput demands of modern biopharmaceutical development.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Chromatography

Background:

Low-flow chromatography has historical innovations but limited bioanalytical implementation.
Recent advancements in pump technology, microfluidics, and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) have accelerated innovation.
The increasing complexity of biopharmaceuticals necessitates highly sensitive and selective analytical platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review instrumentation for nano-flow LC.
To discuss column types and multidimensional separation strategies for nano-LC.
To update current applications and highlight future potential in bioanalysis.

Main Methods:

Review of nano-flow liquid chromatography instrumentation.
Analysis of column technologies for nano-LC.

Keywords:

bioanalysis nano-LC targeted quantitation

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Exploration of multidimensional separation techniques.

Discussion of nano-electrospray ionization MS for detection.

Main Results:

Nano-LC instrumentation, columns, and multidimensional strategies are evolving.
Current applications in proteomics and metabolomics are established.
Nano-LC coupled with high-resolution MS and nano-ESI provides high selectivity and sensitivity.

Conclusions:

Nano-flow LC is becoming an accessible, robust, and user-friendly platform.
It is essential for the targeted quantitation of complex biotherapeutics in regulated environments.
Continued evolution supports high-throughput bioanalysis and biopharmaceutical development.