[Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT)]

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Oncology
• Surgical Oncology

Background:

• Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) is the standard diagnostic and therapeutic approach for bladder neoplasms.
• Complete tumor resection with adequate detrusor muscle in the specimen is crucial for accurate staging and treatment planning.
• Recurrence and progression of bladder tumors remain significant clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current standards of care for bladder tumors, focusing on TURBT.
• To highlight methods for improving tumor detection and reducing recurrence rates.
• To outline follow-up treatment strategies based on TURBT specimen histology.

Main Methods:

• TURBT involves tumor fragmentation via loop diathermy and coagulation for hemostasis.
• Enhanced visualization techniques, such as photodynamic diagnostics, improve tumor detection, especially for multifocal disease and carcinoma in situ (CIS).
• Postoperative intravesical chemotherapy instillation is employed to reduce recurrence.

Main Results:

• Complete resection with adequate detrusor muscle is essential for TURBT effectiveness.
• Improved visualization and adjuvant therapies demonstrably reduce recurrence and progression rates.
• Histological findings guide subsequent treatment, ranging from intravesical instillations to radical cystectomy or trimodal therapy.

Conclusions:

• TURBT is a cornerstone in bladder tumor management, requiring complete resection and adequate muscle depth.
• Adjuvant therapies and advanced visualization techniques significantly improve outcomes by reducing recurrence and progression.
• Tailored follow-up treatment based on TURBT histology is critical for optimizing patient management and prognosis.