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Published on: December 5, 2018
Exosome application in tumorigenesis: diagnosis and treatment of melanoma
Mohsen Karami Fath1, Ali Azargoonjahromi2, Nafiseh Jafari3
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Melanoma is the most aggressive of skin cancer derived from genetic mutations in the melanocytes. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, biochemotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, the efficiency of these strategies may be decreased due to the development of diverse resistance mechanisms. Here, it has been proven that therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can improve the efficiency of melanoma therapies and also, cancer vaccines are another approach for the treatment of melanoma that has already improved clinical outcomes in these patients. The use of antibodies and gene vaccines provides a new perspective in melanoma treatment. Since the tumor microenvironment is another important factor for cancer progression and metastasis, in recent times, a mechanism has been identified to provide an opportunity for melanoma cells to communicate with remote cells. This mechanism is involved by a novel molecular structure, named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Depending on the functional status of origin cells, exosomes contain various cargos and different compositions. In this review, we presented recent progress of exosome applications in the treatment of melanoma. Different aspects of exosome therapy and ongoing efforts in this field will be discussed too.
Insights
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines show promise for melanoma treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, offer a novel approach to combat melanoma by targeting tumor microenvironments and overcoming resistance.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Melanoma, a severe skin cancer, arises from melanocyte mutations.
- Current treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy face challenges due to resistance mechanisms.
- The tumor microenvironment significantly influences melanoma progression and metastasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in exosome applications for melanoma treatment.
- To discuss the potential of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines.
- To explore extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel therapeutic strategy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on melanoma therapies.
- Analysis of exosome biogenesis, cargo, and function.
- Examination of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines in melanoma.
Main Results:
- Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and cancer vaccines enhance melanoma treatment efficacy.
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, facilitate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment.
- Exosomes present a promising avenue for novel melanoma therapies, potentially overcoming resistance.
Conclusions:
- Exosome-based therapies offer a new perspective for melanoma treatment.
- Understanding exosome composition and function is crucial for therapeutic development.
- Further research into exosome applications could significantly improve clinical outcomes in melanoma patients.
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