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Updated: Oct 8, 2025

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Upscaling 3D Engineered Trees for Off-Grid Desalination.

Sunxiang Zheng1, Meiqi Yang1, Xi Chen1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|January 4, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered wood trees provide continuous, affordable clean drinking water using natural transpiration. This scalable 3D design overcomes limitations of solar desalination, offering high freshwater production rates.

Keywords:
DesalinationEngineered TreeEnvironmental EnergySolar Evaporation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment

Background:

  • Over 70% of people lacking safe drinking water live in remote, off-grid areas.
  • Existing solar desalination methods face challenges like intermittency and low production rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and test scalable, 3D engineered trees from natural wood for continuous water desalination.
  • To provide an affordable and clean drinking water solution inspired by plant transpiration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized capillary action in wood xylem to lift water.
  • Optimized tree interspacing to balance energy transfer and system footprint.
  • Evaluated water production rates under various conditions (enclosed room, airflow).

Main Results:

  • Achieved continuous water lifting and desalination without solar irradiation.
  • Engineered trees demonstrated a high surface area to project area ratio (up to 118).
  • Realized high freshwater production rates (4.8 L m⁻² h⁻¹ to 14 L m⁻² h⁻¹) using ambient energy sources.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D engineered trees offer a scalable and efficient solution for sustainable desalination.
  • The technology is particularly suitable for remote regions and the MENA region.
  • The system exhibits a self-cleaning mechanism, enhancing long-term performance.