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Human T lymphocyte activation.

C Milanese, R F Siliciano, N E Richardson

    Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The T lymphocyte receptor complex, including alpha, beta, and T3 chains, binds antigens. Receptor activation triggers signaling pathways involving T11 molecules, protein kinase C, and calcium.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Signaling

    Background:

    • The T lymphocyte receptor (TCR) complex is crucial for adaptive immunity, recognizing foreign antigens and self-MHC molecules.
    • The TCR complex comprises variable alpha and beta chains for antigen binding and invariant T3 gamma, delta, and epsilon chains for signal transduction.
    • Understanding TCR structure and function is key to deciphering immune responses and developing immunotherapies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the molecular composition and organization of the T lymphocyte receptor complex.
    • To investigate the signaling cascade initiated upon TCR engagement with its ligands.
    • To identify key molecules involved in T cell activation following receptor crosslinking.

    Main Methods:

    • Biochemical characterization of T lymphocyte receptor polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, T3 gamma, delta, epsilon).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of subunit association (disulfide and noncovalent bonds).
  • Investigation of T cell activation markers and signaling events post-receptor crosslinking.

    • Main Results:

    • The TCR is a five-polypeptide chain complex: 49KD alpha and 43KD beta chains (variable, ligand-binding) and 20-25KD T3 gamma, delta, epsilon chains (monomorphic, signaling).
    • Alpha and beta chains are disulfide-bonded and noncovalently associated with T3 chains.
    • TCR crosslinking induces conformational changes in the T11 molecule, leading to protein kinase C activation, increased intracellular calcium, and Na+/H+ antiport stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The T lymphocyte receptor complex integrates antigen recognition with transmembrane signaling.
    • The T3-Ti complex plays a pivotal role in initiating intracellular signaling cascades essential for T cell activation.
    • This molecular framework provides insights into T cell-mediated immune responses.