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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Metacognition during unfamiliar face matching.

Robin S S Kramer1, Georgina Gous1, Michael O Mireku1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
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Insight into performance is complex, not solely tied to competence. This study on face perception reveals individuals can accurately update performance estimates, even if not highly skilled.

Keywords:
Dunning-Kruger effectconfidenceface matchinginsightmetacognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Cognition
  • Metacognition

Background:

  • The Kruger-Dunning effect suggests metacognitive insight is competence-based.
  • Previous research applied this to face-matching tasks.
  • Traditional analyses in this field face significant statistical and methodological critiques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address criticisms of traditional analysis methods in metacognitive research.
  • To investigate multifaceted insight in unfamiliar face matching.
  • To explore sources of insight beyond mere competence.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two experiments (N=1077) on unfamiliar face matching.
  • Experiment 2 was a preregistered replication of Experiment 1.
  • Utilized updated analytical approaches to examine insight.

Main Results:

  • Insight into performance was found to be multi-faceted.
  • Participants showed insight independent of competence through accurate performance estimation.
  • Competence-based insight was observed as increased confidence differences for correct vs. incorrect trials.

Conclusions:

  • The study moves beyond problematic traditional approaches in metacognitive research.
  • Insight into face perception is more nuanced than previously suggested.
  • Demonstrates both competence-based and competence-independent insight in face matching.