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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

56
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
56
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

317
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
317
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

76
The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
76
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

76
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
76
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

139
Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
139
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

63
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
63

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis
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Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis

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Vasculopathy in COVID-19.

Robert Flaumenhaft1, Keiichi Enjyoji1, Alec A Schmaier1,2

  • 1Division  of Hemostasis and Thrombosis and.

Blood
|January 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) causes vascular complications due to endothelial dysfunction. This review explores SARS-CoV-2

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Sciences
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a respiratory illness with frequent systemic vascular complications.
  • Vascular issues include thrombosis and pulmonary edema, stemming from impaired endothelial barrier function.
  • Understanding endothelial response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for managing COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the vasculopathy associated with COVID-19, focusing on the endothelium's role.
  • To discuss endothelial receptor systems, molecular pathways, and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To address organ system sequelae and potential biomarkers and therapeutics for COVID-19 vascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on endothelial responses to SARS-CoV-2.

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  • Analysis of molecular pathways, inflammatory and prothrombotic changes.
  • Examination of organ system effects and potential biomarkers.

    • Main Results:

    • SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers significant endothelial inflammation, prothrombotic transformation, and barrier dysfunction.
    • Endothelial phenotype changes in COVID-19 aid in identifying biomarkers for therapy and outcome prediction.
    • Knowledge of vascular pathogenesis informs therapeutic strategies for systemic COVID-19 sequelae.

    Conclusions:

    • COVID-19 significantly impacts endothelial function, leading to systemic vascular complications.
    • Identifying biomarkers and understanding pathogenesis are key to managing COVID-19's vascular effects.
    • Further research is needed to clarify direct viral infection of endothelium and uniqueness of SARS-CoV-2 vascular responses.