Iron pnictides and chalcogenides: a new paradigm for superconductivity

Area of Science:

• Condensed Matter Physics
• Quantum Materials Science

Background:

• Conventional superconductivity in metals is explained by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory.
• Unconventional superconductors, such as iron-based materials, present unique phenomena defying established understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the multifaceted nature of iron-based superconductors.
• To understand how multiple atomic orbitals influence unconventional superconductivity and gap structures.
• To investigate related quantum phenomena including Hund's interaction, electronic nematicity, magnetic fluctuations, and topology.

Main Methods:

• The study synthesizes existing knowledge on iron-based superconductors.
• It reviews theoretical frameworks and experimental findings.
• Focuses on the interplay of electronic structure, magnetism, and superconductivity.

Main Results:

• Iron-based superconductors exhibit diverse gap structures stemming from multiple atomic orbitals.
• These materials provide insights into Hund's interaction, electronic nematicity, and quantum criticality.
• They highlight the role of topology in correlated electronic states.

Conclusions:

• Iron-based superconductors are crucial for advancing the understanding of quantum materials.
• They have driven the development of new experimental and theoretical approaches.
• Their study significantly impacts the broader field of condensed matter physics.