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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

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Delirium, Caffeine, and Perioperative Cortical Dynamics.

Hyoungkyu Kim1,2, Amy McKinney1, Joseph Brooks1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Postoperative delirium is linked to disruptions in brain criticality. Caffeine may reduce delirium risk by promoting brain states closer to criticality, improving neural dynamics.

Keywords:
cognitive agingcognitive dysfunctiondeliriumelectroencephalographypostoperative cognitive changes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Criticality Theory
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Delirium is a significant postoperative complication with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Neural criticality, a state of dynamic instability, is crucial for cognitive flexibility.
  • The relationship between brain criticality and postoperative delirium is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if delirium in the postanesthesia care unit is associated with deviations from neural criticality.
  • To examine the effect of intraoperative caffeine on delirium incidence and neural criticality.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving 55 surgical patients.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure surrogate markers of neural criticality: alpha band autocorrelation and phase lag entropy.
  • EEG data were compared between delirious and non-delirious patients, and between caffeine and placebo groups.

Main Results:

  • Reduced alpha band autocorrelation was observed in patients with delirium.
  • Caffeine administration was associated with increased alpha autocorrelation and lower delirium incidence.
  • Phase relationship topography was more preserved in non-delirious patients and those receiving caffeine.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative delirium may be characterized by deviations from neural criticality.
  • Caffeine might mitigate delirium risk by facilitating cortical dynamics closer to criticality.
  • These findings suggest a potential neuromodulatory role for caffeine in preventing delirium.