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Resprouters Versus Reseeders: Are Wild Rooibos Ecotypes Genetically Distinct?

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  • 1Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.

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|January 6, 2022
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Summary

Wild rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) populations show low-to-moderate genetic diversity, with distinct genetic differences between Cederberg and Northern Cape ecotypes. Conservation strategies are needed to protect these unique wild genetic resources.

Keywords:
genetic diversitymedicinal plantsmicrosatellitesphylogeographypopulation genetic structurerooiboswild populations

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Genetics
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) is endemic to South Africa, with wild ecotypes differing in genetics and fire-survival strategies (reseeders vs. resprouters).
  • Previous genetic diversity assessments using microsatellite markers were lacking for wild rooibos populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess genetic variability and population structure in wild rooibos ecotypes.
  • To test if Northern Cape and Cederberg ecotypes are genetically distinct, potentially linked to survival strategies and other differences.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogeographical and population genetic analyses using chloroplast (trnLF intergenic region) and nuclear microsatellite markers.
  • Analysis of six geographically representative wild rooibos populations.

Main Results:

  • Wild rooibos populations exhibit low-to-moderate genetic diversity (He: 0.618-0.723).
  • Significant genetic differentiation was observed between populations within the Cederberg and between Northern Cape and Cederberg regions (e.g., FST = 0.101).
  • Genetic diversity appears to decrease from Northern Cape towards Cederberg populations, suggesting clinal variation.

Conclusions:

  • Wild rooibos ecotypes in the Cederberg and Northern Cape are genetically distinct, aligning with ecological traits.
  • Urgent conservation management is required for wild rooibos genetic resources, considering observed genetic differentiation and potential clinal variation.
  • Haplotype divergence provides insights into population history, emphasizing the need for targeted conservation strategies for wild ecotypes.