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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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Single-stranded circular DNA theranostics.

Tingting Shen1,2, Yu Zhang2, Lei Mei2

  • 1Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering and Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.

Theranostics
|January 6, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-stranded circular DNA (circDNA) offers enhanced stability and programmability for advanced nucleic acid therapeutics and diagnostics. These versatile molecules are paving the way for novel applications in gene editing and biomaterial synthesis.

Keywords:
Circular DNAaptamermiRNA inhibitorsrolling circle amplificationtheranostics

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid therapeutics and diagnostics (theranostics) have rapidly advanced.
  • Single-stranded circular DNA (circDNA) presents unique advantages over linear DNA, including enhanced biostability due to its closed topology, preventing exonuclease degradation.
  • circDNA offers inherent benefits of nucleic acids like low cost, biocompatibility, and ease of chemical modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemistry, properties, and theranostic applications of single-stranded circular DNA (circDNA).
  • To highlight the potential of circDNA in various fields, excluding double-stranded circular DNA like plasmids.
  • To explore future challenges and opportunities in circDNA research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on circDNA chemistry, properties, and applications.
  • Analysis of circDNA's role in bioanalytical signal amplification, biomaterial synthesis, DNA origami, aptamers, miRNA inhibition, and CRISPR-Cas gene editing.
  • Discussion of rolling circle amplification (RCA) and rolling circle transcription (RCT) technologies.

Main Results:

  • circDNA serves as a stable template for signal amplification and biomaterial synthesis via RCA and RCT.
  • circDNA is utilized in DNA origami self-assembly and as functional elements in theranostic aptamers, miRNA inhibitors, and CRISPR-Cas gene editing.
  • The unique topology of circDNA confers enhanced biostability and versatile functionalities for theranostic applications.

Conclusions:

  • circDNA represents a promising platform for developing next-generation nucleic acid-based theranostics.
  • Further research into circDNA chemistry and applications will unlock new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
  • Addressing current challenges will accelerate the clinical translation of circDNA technologies.