Insight into skywave theory and breakthrough applications in resource exploration

Area of Science:

• Geophysics
• Electromagnetism
• Resource Exploration

Background:

• Skywave propagation, utilizing ionospheric reflection, is established for long-distance communication.
• Deep resource and energy exploration requires advanced geophysical methods for subsurface imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore and demonstrate the feasibility of using skywave for deep subsurface exploration (up to 10 km).
• To develop theoretical and technical advancements for novel skywave applications in geophysics.

Main Methods:

• Developed a Green's function-based solution for skywave propagation in a coupled lithosphere-air-ionosphere model.
• Created a multi-channel, broadband, low-noise data acquisition system for receiving skywave signals.
• Conducted field surveys using a high-power fixed source in various Chinese locations.

Main Results:

• The novel model enables the study of skywave distribution in the lithosphere, identifying inhomogeneities like ore deposits and hydrocarbon reservoirs.
• Interpreted resistivity models from field surveys align with seismic exploration data and geological information.
• Achieved exploration costs significantly lower (1/4 to 1/10) than traditional seismic surveys.

Conclusions:

• Demonstrated the successful application of skywave theory for deep resource and energy exploration.
• The developed methods provide a foundation for further verification and broader adoption of skywave exploration.