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Thrombosis and Anticoagulant Therapy Among Pediatric Cancer Patients: Real-Life Data

Hasan Hashem1, Momen Zeineddin1, Rayan Bater2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, JOR.

Cureus
|January 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric cancer patients experiencing venous thromboembolism (VTE) are often linked to chemotherapy and hospitalization. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) proves to be a safe and effective treatment for VTE in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncommon in children, particularly those with cancer.
  • This study focuses on the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric cancer patients with VTE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize VTE in pediatric cancer patients.
  • To evaluate treatment outcomes and safety of anticoagulation therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of institutional databases for pediatric cancer patients diagnosed with VTE.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics, cancer treatments, and anticoagulation therapies.

Main Results:

  • 45 pediatric cancer patients with VTE were identified between 2011-2018.
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most common diagnosis; 64.4% were on chemotherapy, and 17.8% had a central venous catheter (CVC).
  • Most VTE occurred within 30 days of hospitalization, primarily affecting extremities and the sagittal sinus; low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was used with minimal bleeding complications (6.6%).

Conclusions:

  • VTE in pediatric cancer patients is associated with chemotherapy and recent hospitalization, differing from adult patterns.
  • Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a safe and effective treatment for VTE in pediatric cancer patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
anticoagulationcancerpediatrics thrombosisthromboprophylaxisvenous thromboembolism

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