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Augmented Transcutaneous Stimulation Using an Injectable Electrode: A Computational Study.

Nishant Verma1,2, Robert D Graham3,4, Jonah Mudge1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an electroquasistatic model for optimizing energy transfer to the Injectrode, a minimally invasive neuromodulation device. The model accounts for tissue conductivity and permittivity, improving transcutaneous electrical stimulation efficiency.

Keywords:
FEMelectrical stimulation (EStim)electrode technologyneuromodulationneuron simulationselective stimulation of deep nervestranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulationvagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Minimally invasive neuromodulation aims to combine implantable device selectivity with transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) accessibility.
  • The Injectrode is a novel needle-delivered electrode for targeted neural stimulation, powered transcutaneously via surface electrodes.
  • Optimizing energy transfer to the Injectrode is crucial to minimize off-target nerve activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an electroquasistatic model for analyzing transcutaneous power delivery to the Injectrode.
  • To investigate the influence of system and anatomical parameters on Injectrode energy delivery coupling efficiency.
  • To highlight the importance of considering capacitive charge transfer in TES modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an electroquasistatic finite element model incorporating tissue conductivity and permittivity.
  • Validation of the model using experimental data from swine cadavers (n=4).
  • Utilizing the validated model to explore parameters affecting Injectrode energy delivery system efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The electroquasistatic model accurately simulates energy transfer to the Injectrode.
  • Identified key system and anatomical factors influencing Injectrode coupling efficiency.
  • Demonstrated that capacitive effects are significant in TES, especially at higher frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Electroquasistatic models are essential for accurately understanding TES, particularly for devices like the Injectrode.
  • The model provides insights for optimizing Injectrode-based neuromodulation systems.
  • This approach is relevant for high-frequency TES applications like voltage-controlled pulses and nerve blocks.