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Developmental Monitoring and Referral for Low-Income Children Served by WIC: Program Development and Implementation

Janet E Farmer1,2, Lee Walker Falk3,4, Mary J Clark5,4

  • 1Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. farmerje@health.missouri.edu.

Maternal and Child Health Journal
|January 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This program successfully integrated developmental monitoring into WIC clinics, empowering parents to identify concerns and seek timely referrals for their children's healthy development.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Early identification of developmental delays is crucial for intervention.
  • The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) serves a vulnerable population.
  • Existing developmental monitoring programs may not be fully integrated into WIC services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a developmental monitoring and referral program for children enrolled in WIC.
  • To assess the implementation outcomes of this program in diverse WIC clinics.
  • To evaluate the program's feasibility, usability, and impact on staff and parents.

Main Methods:

  • The program was based on the CDC's Learn the Signs. Act Early. campaign.
  • Developmental milestone checklists were administered to children aged 2 months to 4 years during WIC visits.
  • WIC staff referred children with potential concerns to healthcare providers; surveys and focus groups assessed implementation.

Main Results:

  • The program was easy to use, fitting into clinic workflow within 5 minutes.
  • Staff utilized checklists with over 75% of clients and referred 92% of children with concerns.
  • Parents found checklists helpful for learning about development and sharing information with providers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed program demonstrated successful implementation and positive outcomes in WIC clinics.
  • This approach effectively supports low-income parents in identifying developmental concerns and accessing necessary support.
  • The program shows potential for widespread adoption to enhance early childhood development monitoring.
Abstract

Keywords:
Developmental delay or disabilityDevelopmental monitoringEarly identificationHealth disparitiesWIC

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