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Cortical development coupling between surface area and sulcal depth on macaque brains.

Xiao Li1, Songyao Zhang1, Xi Jiang2

  • 1School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.

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Researchers quantified postnatal cerebral cortex development by measuring surface area and sulcal depth changes. Different developmental patterns correlate with cortical folding, thickness, and functional brain areas.

Keywords:
Cortical developmentLongitudinal studyMacaque monkeySulcal depthSurface area

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Computational Anatomy

Background:

  • Postnatal cerebral cortex development is crucial for brain function and cognition.
  • Longitudinal changes in cortical morphology, like thinning and flattening, are known but not systematically quantified in relation to topology.
  • Quantifying these changes across spatial directions and linking them to surface topology remains a research gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically quantify local changes in gyral white matter surface area and sulcal depth during early postnatal development in macaques.
  • To investigate the coupling between surface area and sulcal depth changes and their relationship to cortical topology, white matter structure, and functional areas.
  • To classify regions based on their unique developmental trajectories of surface area and sulcal depth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a longitudinal macaque neuroimaging dataset.
  • Quantified local changes in gyral white matter surface area and sulcal depth.
  • Employed semi-parametric generalized additive models to analyze longitudinal changes and coupling patterns.
  • Classified regions into four categories based on relative changes: slowA_slowD, slowA_fastD, fastA_slowD, and fastA_fastD.

Main Results:

  • Identified four distinct regional developmental patterns (slowA_slowD, slowA_fastD, fastA_slowD, fastA_fastD).
  • Demonstrated that cortex-related metrics (folding, thickness) vary along the slowA_fastD-fastA_slowD axis.
  • Showed that structural connection-related metrics align with the fastA_fastD-slowA_slowD axis.
  • Found that cortical landmarks (sulcal pits, gyral hinges) are located at the boundaries of these four developmental patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical development exhibits distinct regional patterns characterized by varying rates of surface area and sulcal depth change.
  • These developmental patterns are linked to specific aspects of cortical morphology, connectivity, and functional organization.
  • The findings provide new insights into the interplay between cortical development, topology, white matter wiring, and brain function.