Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 7, 2025
07:26
Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
Published on: April 1, 2022
2.1K
PACSIN proteins in vivo: Roles in development and physiology
Vincent Dumont1, Sanna Lehtonen1,2
1Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|January 6, 2022
Summary
Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons (PACSINs) are vital proteins regulating cytoskeleton and trafficking. In vivo studies reveal their crucial roles in development, tissue repair, and disease, including schizophrenia and muscular disorders.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons (PACSINs), also known as syndapins, are key regulators of cellular cytoskeleton, intracellular trafficking, and signaling pathways.
- While extensively studied in vitro and ex vivo, recent in vivo research has illuminated their physiological significance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the identification, structure, and cellular functions of PACSINs.
- To review the emerging in vivo functions and relevance of PACSINs across various biological processes and disease states.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PACSINs.
- Analysis of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, including genetic and phenotypic data.
Main Results:
- PACSINs are involved in neural crest development, gastrulation, and neuromuscular junction formation during development.
- PACSIN2 plays roles in retinal angiogenesis, embryonic implantation, intestinal homeostasis, and kidney repair.
- PACSIN1 is implicated in brain neuromorphogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and schizophrenia development.
- PACSIN3 is essential for muscle caveolar biogenesis and function, linked to muscular disorders.
Conclusions:
- PACSINs are critical for diverse physiological processes, including development and tissue repair across multiple organs.
- Dysregulation of PACSIN function is associated with various diseases, highlighting their importance in human health.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.2K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.2K
03:14Notch Signaling Pathway
4.5K
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
4.5K
01:09Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins
2.5K
Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
2.5K
01:42Phosphoinositides and PIPs
8.8K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
8.8K
01:20The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
9.5K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...
9.5K
01:23Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM
2.6K
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
2.6K