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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

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Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

3.2K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
3.2K
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

1.3K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Late Lanthanide Macrocyclic Tetra-NHC Complexes.

Xian B Carroll1, Dylan Errulat2, Muralee Murugesu2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New macrocyclic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were synthesized for late lanthanides. These lanthanide-NHC complexes show promise as building blocks for single-molecule magnets.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lanthanide complexes are of interest for their unique magnetic properties.
  • N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are versatile ligands in coordination chemistry.
  • Developing new ligands for lanthanide ions is crucial for advancing single-molecule magnet technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize isostructural macrocyclic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of late lanthanides.
  • To investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of these novel lanthanide-NHC complexes.
  • To explore the potential of these complexes as single-molecule magnets.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of macrocyclic tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of Lu, Yb, Ho, Dy, and Gd.
  • Characterization using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR, electrochemistry, and SQUID magnetometry.
  • Comparative analysis with a modified macrocycle variant.

Main Results:

  • Isostructural complexes with a distorted square-pyramidal geometry and axial HMDS ligand were obtained.
  • NHCs demonstrated strong σ-donating ability in Yb complexes.
  • Yb and Dy complexes exhibited slow relaxation of magnetization, with the Dy complex showing a significant energy barrier to spin reversal and hysteresis.

Conclusions:

  • Macrocyclic NHCs are effective ligands for late lanthanides, forming stable complexes.
  • These lanthanide-NHC complexes display promising magnetic properties, particularly for single-molecule magnet applications.
  • NHC ligands represent a viable strategy for designing advanced lanthanide-based magnetic materials.