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Complement activation following multiple injuries.

E Fosse1, T E Mollnes, A O Aasen

  • 1Institute of Immunology and Rheumatology, National Hospital, Norway.

Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
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Thoracic trauma significantly activates the complement system, indicated by increased terminal complement complex (TCC) and C3dg levels. However, complement activation alone does not cause post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Trauma Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Multiple injuries can trigger complex physiological responses.
  • The complement system is a crucial part of innate immunity and inflammation.
  • Post-traumatic complications, such as pulmonary insufficiency, remain a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thoracic trauma and complement activation.
  • To determine if complement activation correlates with the development of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed plasma levels of C3dg and terminal complement complex (TCC) in 19 multiple-injury patients.
  • Measured granulocyte elastase activity in bronchial lavage fluid.
  • Monitored for the development of pulmonary insufficiency (defined by pO2/FiO2 ratio).

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Main Results:

  • Patients with thoracic involvement showed significantly increased plasma TCC and C3dg levels post-trauma compared to those without.
  • Elevated granulocyte elastase activity was observed in bronchial lavage fluid of patients with thoracic injury.
  • Four patients developed pulmonary insufficiency, all with elevated TCC or C3dg levels upon hospital arrival; however, six patients with complement activation did not develop this complication.

Conclusions:

  • Thoracic trauma is strongly linked to complement system activation.
  • Complement activation following trauma does not solely predict or cause post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of complement in trauma-induced organ dysfunction.