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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

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The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse
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Brain ventricles as windows into brain development and disease.

Phan Q Duy1, Pasko Rakic2, Seth L Alper3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Neuron
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Congenital hydrocephalus, characterized by enlarged brain ventricles, offers insights into neural stem cells and brain development. Studying this condition may illuminate the causes of autism and schizophrenia.

Keywords:
CHCSFNSCbrain ventriclecerebrospinal fluidcongenital hydrocephalusgenomicsneural developmentneural stem cellneurodevelopmental disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Ventriculomegaly, or the dilation of fluid-filled cerebral ventricles, is a hallmark of hydrocephalus.
  • Hydrocephalus is frequently observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.
  • Recent research indicates a potential link between congenital hydrocephalus and neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of studying congenital hydrocephalus for understanding neural stem cell regulation.
  • To investigate the role of congenital hydrocephalus in human cerebrocortical development.
  • To gain insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases like autism and schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of congenital hydrocephalus cases.
  • Comparative studies of neural stem cell behavior in hydrocephalic models.
  • Analysis of developmental trajectories in relation to ventricular size.

Main Results:

  • Genomic studies of congenital hydrocephalus provide valuable data.
  • Insights into neural stem cell regulation are emerging from hydrocephalus research.
  • The study of hydrocephalus contributes to understanding brain development and neuropsychiatric disease.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital hydrocephalus research is a promising avenue for understanding neural stem cell biology.
  • Studying hydrocephalus can illuminate mechanisms of human cerebrocortical development.
  • This research may reveal novel insights into the origins of autism and schizophrenia.