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Related Concept Videos

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Membrane Domains01:18

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients
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Giant plasma membrane vesicles to study plasma membrane structure and dynamics.

Erdinc Sezgin1

  • 1Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Biomembranes
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) mimic the cell's plasma membrane, aiding biophysical studies. This review covers GPMV applications and limitations in membrane research.

Keywords:
Drug deliveryGiant plasma membrane vesiclesLipid-protein interactionsLipidomicsMembrane domainsModel membranesPhase separationPlasma membrane

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Last Updated: Oct 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Membrane Biology

Background:

  • The plasma membrane is a complex, heterogeneous structure.
  • Studying plasma membrane processes is challenging due to its intricate architecture.
  • Model membrane systems offer simplified approaches to investigate plasma membrane biophysics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) as a model system.
  • To summarize recent applications of GPMVs in membrane research.
  • To discuss the limitations associated with using GPMVs.

Main Methods:

  • Cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) are utilized as a model system.
  • GPMVs retain significant compositional complexity of the native plasma membrane.
  • Review of recent scientific literature on GPMV applications.

Main Results:

  • GPMVs are highly physiologically relevant model systems for studying the plasma membrane.
  • GPMVs have become a key tool in membrane research.
  • The review details various applications and inherent limitations of GPMVs.

Conclusions:

  • GPMVs offer a powerful tool for understanding plasma membrane biophysical principles.
  • Despite limitations, GPMVs provide valuable insights into complex membrane processes.
  • Further research and refinement of GPMV models are ongoing.