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Biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron can simultaneously decrease cadmium and arsenic uptake by rice grains in

Dong Yang1, Jiawen Zhang1, Shiyan Yang1

  • 1Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that combining biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management effectively reduces cadmium and arsenic in rice grains, lowering cancer risk from consumption.

Keywords:
Health riskRiceSoil remediationSoil solutionWater management

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As) in rice grains pose significant human health risks.
  • Simultaneously stabilizing Cd and As in soil is challenging due to their contrasting chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management on reducing Cd and As bioaccumulation in rice.
  • To assess the impact of these treatments on human cancer risk associated with rice consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Application of nZVI-BC (0.25-1.00%) combined with AWD water management in paddy fields.
  • Comparison of treatments against control and continuous flooded (CF) management.
  • Analysis of Cd and As concentrations in rice grains and soil availability.

Main Results:

  • nZVI-BC with AWD significantly decreased Cd (15.85-69.16%) and As (23.06-59.45%) in rice grains compared to the control.
  • Cancer risk from rice consumption was reduced by 15.60-52.41%, with the lowest risk at 1.00% nZVI-BC under AWD.
  • AWD management resulted in lower total cancer risk than CF management for the same amendment.
  • Mechanisms included reduced soil Cd/As availability, iron plaque formation, elevated soil pH for Cd adsorption, and complex formation for As immobilization.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous remediation of Cd and As co-contaminated paddy fields is achievable using nZVI-BC and AWD management.
  • This integrated approach effectively reduces heavy metal bioaccumulation in rice and mitigates associated health risks.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of metal immobilization, including iron plaque formation and soil chemistry modification, is crucial for effective remediation strategies.