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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
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Radiation modulated spin coupling in a double-stranded DNA model.

Alexander López1, Solmar Varela2, Ernesto Medina3

  • 1Departamento de Física, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, PO Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Chiral induced spin selectivity in DNA can be enhanced tenfold using electromagnetic radiation. This method manipulates spin-orbit coupling and creates helicity splitting without breaking time reversal symmetry.

Keywords:
DNAFloquet formalismradiation effectsspin selectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Chiral induced spin selectivity (CISC) in biomolecules like DNA is linked to atomic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and molecular chirality.
  • While intrinsic SOC in carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen is small, it can be amplified by molecular geometry and polarization effects like hydrogen bonding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel method for manipulating the spin degree of freedom in chiral molecules using electromagnetic radiation.
  • To theoretically demonstrate how external radiation fields can enhance spin-orbit coupling and induce spin polarization in DNA.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the Floquet formalism to model the interaction of DNA with electromagnetic radiation.
  • Analysis of a chiral model incorporating orbital angular momentum of electrons in DNA helices.

Main Results:

  • Electromagnetic radiation can increase effective spin-orbit coupling (SOC) by up to tenfold in DNA.
  • The chiral model predicts a helicity splitting, leading to spin polarization dependent on transport direction and chirality, without violating time-reversal symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating DNA's electronic spectrum with electromagnetic fields offers a powerful route to control spin selectivity.
  • The proposed mechanism is experimentally feasible within realistic radiation field parameters, opening avenues for spintronic applications in biomaterials.