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Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

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In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
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In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
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Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium01:16

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Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
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Pressure-stabilized high-energy-density material YN10.

Wencheng Lu1, Kun Hao1, Siyu Liu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials & Innovation Center for Computational Physics Methods and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new yttrium-nitrogen compound, YN10, under high pressure. This material exhibits high energy density, surpassing conventional explosives like TNT and HMX.

Keywords:
high energy density materialmetal nitridesstructure prediction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Polynitrogen compounds are crucial for high energy density materials.
  • Yttrium-nitrogen compounds are explored for energy and military applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore variable stoichiometries of yttrium-nitrogen compounds under high pressure.
  • To discover new stable phases and characterize their properties.

Main Methods:

  • Swarm intelligence algorithm
  • First-principles calculations
  • High-pressure synthesis simulation

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a new stable phase: Yttrium decanitride (YN10) at 35 GPa with I4/m symmetry.
  • YN10 exhibits metallic character and sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms forming N5 rings.
  • Estimated energy densities: 3.05 kJ/g (gravimetric) and 9.27 kJ/cm³ (volumetric).
  • Calculated detonation velocity (12.0 km/s) and pressure (82.7 GPa) exceed those of TNT and HMX.

Conclusions:

  • YN10 is a promising candidate for high-energy-density materials.
  • The study highlights the potential of computational methods in discovering novel energetic materials.