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Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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The Soil Ecosystem02:23

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Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
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Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide increases soil carbon.

Julie D Jastrow1, R Michael Miller1, Roser Matamala1

  • 1Environmental Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.

Global Change Biology
|January 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) boosts soil carbon storage in temperate ecosystems. Mineral soils can sequester more carbon, with enhanced root production and microaggregate protection increasing carbon longevity.

Keywords:
13C stable isotopeFACE experimentcarbon sequestrationmeta-analysismicroaggregatesopen-top chamberrootssoil organic mattersweetgum foresttallgrass prairie grassland

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations pose a significant environmental challenge.
  • Previous CO2 enrichment experiments showed limited changes in soil carbon stocks, questioning their role in climate change mitigation.
  • Understanding soil carbon sequestration potential is crucial for predicting future climate scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the impact of CO2 enrichment on soil carbon (C) stocks using meta-analysis.
  • To quantify the rate of C accrual in temperate forest and grassland soils under elevated CO2.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of C sequestration, including the role of root production and soil aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a meta-analysis of existing CO2 enrichment experiments.
  • Measured C accrual rates in deciduous forest and grassland soils over several years.
  • Analyzed the incorporation of accrued C into soil microaggregates.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis revealed a collective 5.6% increase in soil C over 2-9 years, at a median rate of 19 g C m-2 yr-1.
  • Deciduous forest and grassland soils showed C accrual rates exceeding 40 g C m-2 yr-1.
  • Increased root production was a key factor driving C accrual in both ecosystems.
  • Over half of the accrued C was stored in protective microaggregates, enhancing its long-term stability.

Conclusions:

  • Mineral soils in diverse temperate ecosystems have a significant potential to store additional carbon in response to elevated CO2.
  • Enhanced root production and microaggregate formation are critical mechanisms for soil carbon sequestration.
  • These findings support the role of soil carbon storage in partially offsetting rising atmospheric CO2 levels.