Prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancy in The Gambia: findings from 2018 population-based survey

Unplanned pregnancy is a public health issue that has detrimental implications for the mother and baby alike. However, few studies have been conducted in The Gambia on this subject. As a result, the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy among women of reproductive age in The Gambia was investigated, as well as the factors associated with it.

The Gambia's Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) was used to evaluate the 2018 results. Data was obtained from 3790 women aged 15 to 49 who had also given birth. The univariate analysis was conducted using percentage. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were determined using a multivariable logistic regression model (with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI)). The degree of statistical significance was set at 5%.

Approximately 25.3% (95% CI: 23.1%-27.6%) of the women reported unplanned pregnancy. Women aged 30-34 years had 45% reduction in unplanned pregnancy, when compared with those aged 15-19 years (AOR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32-0.94). The Fula and non-Gambian women had 30% and 45% reduction in unplanned pregnancy respectively, when compared with Mandinka women. Those who had no functional difficulties had 47% reduction in unplanned pregnancy, when compared with women who had functional difficulties (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.91). Respondents who had given births to 3-4 and 5 + children were 1.79 and 3.02 times as likely to have unplanned pregnancy, when compared with women who had given birth to 1-2 children. Single/unmarried women were 11.38 times as likely to have unplanned pregnancy, when compared with women currently married/in union (AOR = 11.38; 95% CI: 6.38, 20.29). Local Government Area of residence was significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy. Furthermore, women who were neither happy nor unhappy and 18 + at sexual debut were 1.39 and 1.34 times as likely to have unplanned pregnancy, when compared with the very happy women and those < 18 at sexual debut respectively.

The rate of unintended pregnancies was large (25.3%). Several causes have been linked to unplanned pregnancies. These results suggest that further efforts are required to enhance women's sex education, expand access to family planning services, and provide affordable health care to high-risk women in order to minimize unintended pregnancies.