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Related Concept Videos

Impact01:30

Impact

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Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
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Types of Impact01:30

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Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
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According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
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In the dynamic realm of billiards, a fascinating interplay of forces governs the motion of cue balls and stationary balls. When the cue ball collides with a stationary ball, linear momentum is exchanged. The cue ball imparts a fraction of its linear momentum to the stationary ball, causing the cue ball to decelerate while initiating the motion of the stationary ball.
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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
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Erratum to "Fragmentation dynamics of single agglomerate-to-wall impaction" [Powder Technology 378 (2021) 561-575, DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.021].

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Fragmentation dynamics of single agglomerate-to-wall impaction.

A Lowe1, G Singh1, H-K Chan2

  • 1School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006 Australia.

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Investigating single particle agglomerate-wall impacts reveals fragment size and velocity patterns. Higher air velocity disperses fragments, aiding dry powder inhaler model development.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle science and engineering
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Pharmaceutical engineering

Background:

  • Understanding particle-agglomerate behavior is crucial for dry powder inhaler (DPI) performance.
  • Agglomerate de-agglomeration during impaction influences drug aerosolization and delivery.
  • Existing models require detailed experimental validation for accurate predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively characterize the de-agglomeration of single agglomerates upon wall impact.
  • To investigate the influence of particle size and air velocity on fragment characteristics.
  • To provide data for validating computational models of de-agglomeration in DPIs.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution shadowgraph imaging of single agglomerate-wall impacts.
  • Controlled experiments varying constituent particle size (3-7 μm) and air velocity.
  • Advanced image processing to analyze fragment size, velocity, area, and aspect ratio.

Main Results:

  • De-agglomeration fragment populations exhibit a bimodal distribution of area and aspect ratio.
  • Increasing air velocity disrupts this bimodal dispersion.
  • Bimodality diminishes over time after impact.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a quantitative platform for de-agglomeration behavior analysis.
  • Observed fragment dispersion patterns are sensitive to air velocity and time.
  • Findings support the development and validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for DPIs.