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Updated: Oct 7, 2025
Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
Published on: March 11, 2016
Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium-Associated Pigmentary Retinopathy: Risk Factors and Fundus Findings
Ella H Leung1, Sahana Sharma2, Ana Levie-Sprick1
1Georgia Retina, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Purpose:
To evaluate the risk factors and fundus findings of patients with potential PPS-associated retinopathy.
Patients And Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed of patients exposed to PPS who had a dilated fundus examination at a large retina-only practice from 2018-21. Multimodal images were evaluated by masked reviewers.
Results:
A total of 148 patients were included, of whom 33 (22%) had PPS-associated retinopathy, and 115 (78%) did not. The mean age was 60.3 years old, and the mean follow-up was 11.8 months. The PPS-associated retinopathy group had higher mean cumulative doses of PPS (1600g±849 vs 864g±852, P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test) and longer duration of PPS use (13.6 years vs 7.48, P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference based on a history of kidney or liver disease or the dosage per day for the weight, body mass index, body surface area, or lean body weight. Of the patients with PPS-associated retinopathy whose genetic results were available, 15 of 16 (93%) were heterozygous for variants of uncertain significance.
Conclusion:
A longer duration of PPS use and higher cumulative dosage of PPS were associated with an increased risk of developing PPS-associated pigmentary retinopathy. The role of genetic mutations in patients exposed to PPS is still to be determined.
