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Herpes zoster arteritis: pathological findings.

R A Mackenzie1, P Ryan, W E Karnes

  • 1Concord Hospital, New South Wales.

Clinical and Experimental Neurology
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Herpes zoster arteritis can cause delayed contralateral hemiparesis and fatal cerebral hemorrhage due to necrotizing angiitis. The virus likely invades vascular muscle via ophthalmic nerve branches.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Pathology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Herpes zoster arteritis is a rare complication of varicella-zoster virus infection.
  • Delayed contralateral hemiparesis is an unusual neurological deficit following this condition.

Observation:

  • Two cases presented with delayed contralateral hemiparesis after herpes zoster infection.
  • Both patients experienced fatal cerebral hemorrhages.

Findings:

  • Pathological examination revealed necrotizing angiitis involving major ipsilateral cerebral vessels.
  • No granulomatous arteritis or encephalitis features were identified.
  • The findings suggest direct viral invasion of vascular muscle.

Implications:

  • This study elucidates a potential mechanism for herpes zoster-related cerebrovascular complications.
  • Understanding viral spread via the ophthalmic nerve is crucial for diagnosing and managing such cases.
  • Highlights the severe neurological sequelae of varicella-zoster virus arteritis.

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