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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

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Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

76
The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
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Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

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Coronary Microvascular Disease.

Ravi A Thakker1, Jorge Rodriguez Lozano2, Patricia Rodriguez Lozano3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77550, USA. ravi.a.thakker@gmail.com.

Cardiology and Therapy
|January 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is linked to poor heart health, yet lacks clear treatment guidelines. This review covers CMVD

Keywords:
Coronary microvascular diseaseCoronary microvascular dysfunctionNon-obstructive coronary artery disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are proposed as key underlying mechanisms in CMVD.
  • A growing prevalence of CMVD contrasts with a lack of definitive treatment guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on Coronary Microvascular Disease or Dysfunction (CMVD).
  • To summarize the background, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies for CMVD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on CMVD.
  • Analysis of diagnostic capabilities of various imaging modalities.
  • Examination of invasive diagnostic techniques.
  • Assessment of current treatment approaches targeting inflammation and angina.

Main Results:

  • Non-invasive imaging (echocardiography, cardiac MRI, PET, CT) aids CMVD diagnosis via coronary blood flow assessment.
  • Invasive methods like thermodilution and Doppler microcatheters provide detailed CMVD evaluation.
  • Treatment strategies focus on addressing inflammatory pathways and managing angina symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • CMVD is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, necessitating further research and guideline development.
  • A combination of non-invasive and invasive techniques can diagnose CMVD.
  • Management of CMVD involves targeting underlying inflammation and relieving angina.