Current Treatment Options for the Failing Fontan Circulation
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Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
Published on: May 2, 2025
Bart W Driesen1,2,3, Michiel Voskuil2, Heynric B Grotenhuis1
1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
The Fontan operation was introduced in 1968. For congenital malformations, where biventricular repair is unsuitable, the Fontan procedure has provided a long-term palliation strategy with improved outcomes compared to the initially developed procedures. Despite these improvements, several complications merely due to a failing Fontan circulation, including myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, protein-losing enteropathy, hepatic dysfunction, plastic bronchitis, and thrombo-embolism, may occur, thereby limiting the life-expectancy in this patient cohort. This review provides an overview of the most common complications of Fontan circulation and the currently available treatment options.
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