Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.2K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.2K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

692
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
692
Polymers02:34

Polymers

37.9K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
37.9K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.5K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

3.1K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hydration Effect of Glycopolymers on Lectin Recognition.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same author

Loading iron(III)porphyrin as the gas/anion binding site into methylated β-cyclodextrin-incorporated polymer hydrogels.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Dynamics of Intermediate Water in Biocompatible Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) Revealed by Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Achieving ultrahigh resolution with high efficiency: Optical design of the two-dimensional Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (2D-RIXS) spectrometer at NanoTerasu beamline 02U.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Hyperactive ice-binding proteins stabilize cell membranes and improve resistance to dehydration stress in Caenorhabditis elegans.

FEBS open bio·2026
Same author

Torsional Ordering as a Prerequisite for Zeolite Crystallization Revealed by X-ray Emission Spectroscopy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.6K

Hydration Mechanism in Blood-Compatible Polymers Undergoing Phase Separation.

Daiki Murakami1,2, Kosuke Yamazoe3,4, Shin-Nosuke Nishimura1

  • 1Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|January 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Blood-compatible materials rely on specific water interactions. This study reveals that the arrangement of water molecules on polymer surfaces dictates blood compatibility, influenced by polymer structure and functional groups.

More Related Videos

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications
09:22

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications

Published on: August 28, 2015

19.3K
Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants
11:32

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants

Published on: December 23, 2013

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 7, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.6K
Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications
09:22

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications

Published on: August 28, 2015

19.3K
Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants
11:32

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants

Published on: December 23, 2013

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Blood-compatible materials are essential for medical devices.
  • Understanding water's role at the material-blood interface is critical for designing effective biomaterials.
  • Polymer surface properties significantly influence biological interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the local hydrogen-bonded configuration of water on blood-compatible and non-blood-compatible polymer surfaces.
  • To elucidate the relationship between water structure, polymer morphology, and blood compatibility.
  • To identify key factors governing water/polymer interactions for biomaterial design.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface topography.
  • Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for water uptake analysis.
  • Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) for hydrogen-bonded water configuration.

Main Results:

  • Water incorporation induces polymer-dependent phase separation, enhancing water uptake.
  • Blood-compatible polymers host tetrahedrally coordinated water alongside water adsorbed on C=O groups.
  • This unique water arrangement forms a scaffold for intermediate water, crucial for blood compatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Blood compatibility is directly governed by complex water/polymer interactions.
  • The amount and configuration of intermediate water depend on functional groups, polymer configuration, and morphology.
  • Tailoring polymer structure to control water interactions is key for developing novel blood-compatible materials.