Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier on a Chip to Investigate Personalized Treatment for Glioblastoma Patients.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

In-Process Magnetization for 3D Printing of Magnetorheological Elastomer with Heterogeneous Magnetic Profile for Anisotropic Actuation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Learning-aided design of micropost arrays for optimizing interface stability and mass transport in organs-on-chips.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same author

3D Printed Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors for Integrated Hybrid Electronics.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

3D printed anisotropic tissue simulants with embedded fluid capsules for medical simulation and training.

Science advances·2025
Same author

3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting.

Communications engineering·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED
10:18

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Published on: March 19, 2017

9.6K

3D-printed flexible organic light-emitting diode displays.

Ruitao Su1,2, Sung Hyun Park3, Xia Ouyang1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Science Advances
|January 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a multimodal 3D printing method for flexible organic light-emitting diode displays. This technique improves layer uniformity and polymer-metal junctions, enabling fully printed active electronic devices.

More Related Videos

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes
07:44

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Published on: November 16, 2018

9.1K
Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition
07:09

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED
10:18

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Published on: March 19, 2017

9.6K
Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes
07:44

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Published on: November 16, 2018

9.1K
Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition
07:09

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Conventional microfabrication limits 3D printing of active electronic and optoelectronic devices.
  • Challenges in 3D-printed optoelectronics include nonuniform active layers and unstable polymer-metal junctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a multimodal printing methodology for fully 3D-printed flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays.
  • To overcome limitations in layer uniformity and electrode-semiconductor interfaces in 3D-printed optoelectronics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized extrusion printing for electrodes, interconnects, insulation, and encapsulation.
  • Employed spray printing for active layers to enhance uniformity by suppressing directional mass transport.
  • Exploited viscoelastic oxide surface of cathode droplets for mechanical reconfiguration and increased polymer-metal junction contact area.

Main Results:

  • Achieved improved layer uniformity and stable polymer-metal junctions.
  • Demonstrated a fully 3D-printed flexible 8x8 organic light-emitting diode display.
  • All pixels in the 3D-printed display successfully turned on.

Conclusions:

  • The multimodal printing approach enables the fabrication of complex, fully 3D-printed flexible optoelectronic devices.
  • This method addresses key performance bottlenecks in 3D-printed OLEDs, paving the way for unique form factors.
  • The successful demonstration of a functional 8x8 display highlights the potential of this technique for advanced additive manufacturing of electronics.